Tuesday, May 28, 2019

May 26, 2019 6th Sunday of Easter Luke 20:45-21:4


            It is said that if money is the root of all evil then why do they always ask for it in church?  That’s a silly question, however a good one!
            No matter how you righteous you want to be, just about everything does revolve around money.  It, more than just about anything else, is necessary for your life.  You must know how to navigate with money if you’re going to survive in this world.  You may want to buy a farm in a remote area and become a self-sufficient all-organic homesteader, but you still need to make enough money to pay for taxes and insurances.  Our choices and lifestyles are largely determined by money.  Economic viability is key.  If it can make money, or be economically sustainable it can survive.  If it can’t it disappears.  That’s the foundation of all economic systems, everything from unbridled capitalism to totalitarian socialism.
            I remember reading an article some time ago about the things major snack food companies do to increase sales.  They hire psychologists to help develop snack foods that are addictive so that you want to eat more.  I know exactly what they mean.  I love chocolate.  I love peanut butter.  They are each a food group of their own!  But despite how much I love them I can’t eat all that much of them.  My taste buds become saturated, or I am satisfied and I stop.  However, give me a bag of potato chips and a bowl of some sort of sour cream dip and I’m hooked.  I’ll eat the whole bag, empty the bowl of dip, be stuffed full and want more!  If you’re trying to sell snack foods that’s what you’re aiming for – something that people can never get enough of. 
            Snack food companies only focus on healthy snacks when there’s money in them.  Let’s say two people own snack food companies.  One decides it is the company’s moral obligation to only produce things that lead to health, better cholesterol, lower blood sugar; and that sort of thing.  The other decides to focus on producing what people crave and will buy a lot of.  Which of the two companies will survive? 
If you’re going to stay in business you have to do everything to stay on top.  If you’re a snack food company and your competition is hiring psychologists to develop products that sell you’d better do the same.  You can stay high and mighty all you want, but you’ll lose market share.  You’ll go out of business and eventually you’ll be replaced by someone else who also develops products with psychologists!
            The world of money also knows how to use the saying, “Out of sight, out of mind.”  Since we grow strawberries in the church garden many years I’ll use that as an example.  If you go into Wegmans a quart of strawberries costs $3.99.  Now think about that.  That quart of strawberries was grown in California taking up space, nutrients, and water.  The plants were planted, grown and tended.  Someone had to pick them, handle them, and package them.  Then the were loaded into a refrigerated tractor trailer, probably operated by Leonard’s Express in Farmington, and driven over 2600 miles here.  Wegmans employees unload them, store them briefly and put them on retail display shelves. 
From growth to store shelf strawberries take a tremendous amount of labor.  There are no commercially operating robotic pickers out there.  And then you have to remember that Wegmans probably nearly doubles the price to all the operating costs Wegmans incurs in running a retail store.
            While bulk processing and economies of scale can keep costs remarkably low, do you really think there is any way for every person in that chain to be reasonably paid, and everything done responsibly, for you to get two pounds of strawberries for under $4.  No way!  But all we the consumer sees this time of year is a shelf in a great grocery store with strawberries at a good price.  We think if we buy it we have been part of a fair transaction.
            I don’t say any of this to make us feel guilty.  But I do want us to use it as a way of understanding what Jesus meant when he saw many successful people making large donations to the temple while a poor widow put in a few cents.
            And before we go any further, let’s notice something very very important.  Miss this point and you’ve gotten Jesus’ point entirely wrong.  This is not a story about generosity.  Jesus DOES NOT praise the widow for putting in everything she had.  If you come away from this thinking that Jesus is pleased when people give their every last penny to religious institutions and charitable causes you’ve missed the point!
            Jesus does not praise the widow.  He simply makes a point.  The system of religious expectations required all that she had, and it shouldn’t have been that way.  As Luke tells the story of Jesus this is a turning point.  Immediately after this scene Jesus goes on to predict the destruction of the temple; symbolically God’s rejection of it.
The religious and political leaders – those whom Jesus watched put in large sums – were required by the religious laws to maintain fairness and integrity in the economic system.  Obviously they weren’t or they wouldn’t have so much and the widow so little.
I’m not an expert in ancient economies, but I believe the Bible’s economic laws are unique in the world’s nations.  We read the heart of it in our first reading from Leviticus.  While it was overall what we might call capitalism, it had one very unique twist.  That had to do with land ownership.
The Jews were told that there was no such thing as private ownership of land.  All the land belonged to God.  People were stewards of it.  Each family was allotted a portion of land.  That was passed on for generations in perpetuity.  It was a subsistence living agricultural economy.  Having land meant that you could survive.  Without land you really couldn’t.
If all the land belonged to God and it was held in perpetuity in a stewardship arrangement that also meant that land could never really be bought or sold.
However, there was what we might call a long-term lease arrangement that could be made.  You could rent land from someone else up until the Year of Jubilee.
The Year of Jubilee occurred every 50 years.  On the year of Jubilee all slaves were set free and all land was returned to its original family.  Thus the amount of a land lease would be largely determined by how many years it was until the next Year of Jubilee.  If it was 49 years till the next one you’d pay more than if it was 2 years.
The whole point of the system was God’s way of ensuring wealth never became concentrated and poverty never became too deep.  It wasn’t a welfare system.  There was no welfare system!  If you wanted to eat you had to grow your own food.  And as long as you could never be permanently locked out of land you’d never end up in abject poverty.
It is important to remember that populations stayed relatively stable in that era.  There weren’t exploding birth rates.  And there would have to be ways to deal with situations when families died out and when some family was consistently growing.
Do you see however, that the Jewish legal code was designed by God to provide for basic sustainability of the whole population.
Unfortunately there is no record that the Year of Jubilee was ever celebrated.  It appears to have never happened.
When Jesus gets upset about the Jewish leadership not following the Law of Moses I expect this is some of what outraged him the most.  At the very core of their society was a guarantee of safety.  But what happened?  The rich got richer and the poor got poorer.
It is not possible for us to opt out of our economy – I suppose we could become street people, but that’s not what God is calling us to either!  Instead, I think we need to remember some key things from the gospel and from Leviticus.
First, all things are God’s.  In some sense there is no such thing as private ownership.  Second, foundational to Jewish faith was, and Jesus’ expectation is, that we would not participate in systems of exploitation.  From the poor widow we learn that just because something has a good price, and we can afford it, does not mean that we can ethically buy it.  There are lots of things our society and our economy says are okay that are not.
God wants us to live in such a way that we use the power of our money for good.  That certainly involves charitable giving.  But it is mostly using your money as a consumer who directs your power to create and maintain systems of fairness and opportunity for all.
A challenge that I have for myself, and that I give to all of you, is that before you buy something know where it comes from.  Know the process by which it came to you.  If it seems unfair then consider a different product.
We do not want to be those whose lives are easy based upon the exploitation of other people; who are also created in God’s image.  For if we exploit them, we are actually tearing down God’s own work.
With money comes power and obligation.  Use it as a part of who God calls you to be.

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